Optimal trade policy.
- Optimal trade policy 3 Consistent with the importance of terms-of-trade considerations, we also ﬁnd that Jul 11, 2024 · The study of optimal trade policy in non-cooperative environments has a long history in the literature on international trade. Sufficient conditions are obtained for a strong form of the optimal tariff (which requires that all imports be more • GT under optimal trade taxes are 20% and 33% larger than under no taxes • GT under under optimal uniform tariff are only 9% larger than under no taxes • Micro-level heterogeneity matters for design and gains from optimal trade policy Feb 15, 2007 · If both firms are equally efficient, optimal trade and industrial policies drive out the foreign firm and the privatization policy loses its effect on national welfare; however, if the home firm is less efficient, then full privatization combined with an import tariff and a production subsidy is optimal for the home country, while an export inopeneconomieswithheterogeneousfirms. When all output is exported, optimal policy with a single home firm depends on the difference between foreign firms' actual responses to the home firm's AB - We analyze the welfare effects of trade and industrial policy under oligopoly, and characterize optimal intervention under a variety of assumptions about market structure and conduct. 1 Following Brander and Spencer (1985) and May 1, 2014 · The aim of this paper is to study optimal trade policy in the canonical two-sector Krugman (1980) model, where one sector is characterized by monopolistic competition, increasing returns and iceberg trade costs, while the other features perfect competition and constant returns. Our baseline environment is a canonical model of intra-industry trade with monopo- Yet, it has had surprisingly little impact on how economists think about trade policy. edu Ali Shourideh Carnegie Mellon University ashourid@andrew. Dec 2, 2013 · Our main results imply that optimal import tariffs should be uniform, whereas optimal export subsidies should be weakly decreasing with respect to comparative advantage, reflecting the fact that countries have more room to manipulate prices in their comparative-advantage sectors. 00 USD $43. In Section 4, we examine the impact of relative-performance-based managerial delegation in firms and its interaction with the strength of network externalities on optimal trade policy. optimal trade policy for a large country is an import tariff. Yan Bai, Keyu Jin, Dan Lu and Hanxi Wang. 8: 2020: Getting the agent to wait. trade policy around the time of the Smoot- Hawley tariff of 1930, a period when policy was unconstrained by trade agreements. Within this framework we allow for wage, import and export Sep 1, 2016 · We show that, in a global welfare perspective, optimal multilateral trade policy should: promote the sales of low cost firms to all countries, but especially to disadvantaged ones; trim the sales of high cost firms to all countries, but especially to disadvantaged ones; reduce firm entry in all countries, but especially in disadvantaged ones. As pointed out by Caliendo and Parro(2021), characterizing optimal trade policy in current trade modes is challenging, but the literature has introduced new methods and new insights. Multinational enterprises dominate international trade, yet much of the literature on optimal trade policy has overlooked their significance. ship between comparative advantage and optimal trade policy. Sector-specific tariffs are summarized by a matrix of partial supply elasticities and the share of Home’s import in foreign impact on how they think about trade policy. This article is also available for rental through Published Versions. At the micro-level, we find that optimal import taxes discriminate Our paper is related to the literature on optimal trade policies. 2 governments, United States and Europe 2 ﬁrms, Boeing and Airbus, both selling to a third market, China. Computers and TVs are the only products. This approach On average, gains from optimal industrial policy are equal to 0. For example, should import sectors with weaker comparative Why trade with Optimal Traders? 80% Profit Splits As the industry’s only all-in-one institutional-backed prop firm, we provide incredible trading opportunities and a certified, powerful connection to the financial world that traders can leverage to realise their potential. Optimal Trade Policy and the Role of Conjectural Variations: The Case of Duopoly In this and subsequent sections we characterize optimal government policy in the presence of oligopolistic competition among domestic and foreign firms in international markets. Feb 13, 2024 · We study optimal dynamic trade policies in an Eaton-Kortum model with technology diffusion through trade. KONO University of California at Davis A growing body of research shows that democracies have more liberal trade policies than do /\ autocracies. Y Bai, K Jin, D Lu, H Wang. For example, should import sectors with weaker comparative Sep 1, 2016 · The two cases imply different trade elasticities which shape the gains from liberalisation and – in our work – shape optimal tax and tariff policy. " (2020) (with Ali Shourideh) Journal of Monetary Economics. ,Babiker(2005),Elliott et al. Under very general conditions, we show that from the point of view of a country that unilaterally imposes trade taxes to maximize domestic welfare, the self-selection of heterogeneous firms into exports calls for import subsidies on the least profitable Feb 3, 2015 · Comparative Advantage and Optimal Trade Policy * - 24 Hours access EUR €39. A number of papers examine the link between trade and technological diffusion but so far few consider a country’s optimal policy in the presence of such externalities. “How Does Import Market Power Matter for Trade Agreements?” (2022)(with Ryan Lee) Journal of International Economics. ,Babiker(2005);Elliott et al. Trade thus affects technology by determining the distribution from which producers draw their insights. A weak form of the optimal tariff, requiring that an import (export) good be most (least) protected holds under gross substitutability. 1 Introduction In quantitative ﬁnance area, optimal trade execution (OTE), also called optimal liquidation, is a critical issue in many investment activities [7,16,19,24]. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like According to Mercantilism, the optimal trade policy is _____. Section4characterizes the Nash Equilibrium in which two strategic countries set their optimal trade policies noncooperatively. , non-tariff trade costs, local In this paper, we characterize optimal trade policy in a generalized version of the trade model with monopolistic competition and firm-level heterogeneity developed by Melitz (2003). Our compu-tation framework outperforms previous attempts, e. Standard ToT considerations pin down the optimal level of trade policy. 12: 2025: Jan 1, 2020 · We also discuss how optimal trade policy is shaped by the presence of multiple sectors, intermediate goods, and supply-chain linkages. Under this stage, the domestic government maximizes its welfare to determine the optimal export subsidy. exibility trade-o Bu er against shocks that increase temptation to leave trade agreement Why capital controls out and not trade (import/export) taxes? Capital controls useful for macro-prudential policy Pareto-optimal, the optimal non-cooperative trade policy consists of a positive import subsidy (export tax) that improves domestic terms of trade, instead of a tari (subsidy). 6 %âãÏÓ 2071 0 obj > endobj 2081 0 obj >/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[2071 147]/Info 2070 0 R/Length 80/Prev 2800807/Root 2072 0 R/Size 2218/Type/XRef/W[1 Jan 1, 2020 · In comparison to static trade policy analyses, the problem of optimal policy under a dynamic setting has at least two novel features. (2010), Nordhaus(2015),Böhringer et al. (2016)). Jan 1, 2020 · BS study the optimal trade policy in a dynamic Ricardian economy with two countries – Home and Foreign – where inelastically supplied labor is the only factor of production. (2010); Nordhaus(2015);Böhringer et al. Proof. "Comparative Advantage and Optimal Trade Policy," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. Journal of International Economics 153, 104038, 2025. Downloadable (with restrictions)! We study optimal dynamic trade policies in an Eaton-Kortum model with technology diffusion through trade. The goal of this paper is to ﬁll this gap on the normative side of the literature and uncover the general principles that should guide the design of optimal trade policy when heterogeneous ﬁrms select into exporting. In this paper, we characterize optimal trade policy in a generalized version of the trade model with monopolistic competition and firm-level heterogeneity developed by Melitz (2003). •Biggest challenge is the expanding deficit. Inside money favours the borrowing country and impairs welfare of lending country. Inequality, Redistribution and Optimal Trade Policy: A Public Finance Approach∗ Roozbeh Hosseini University of Georgia Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta roozbeh@uga. •The most effective Industrialization policy is one that deepens and expands local value-chain. At the micro-level, we find that optimal import taxes discriminate against the most profitable foreign exporters, while optimal export taxes are uniform across In this model, the labor-market motive interacts with the terms-of-trade motive. Johnson ( 1953 )’s classic paper pictures a trade war as a non-cooperative equilibrium where each country chooses an optimal tariff to improve its terms of trade. 1 Examples of optimal trade taxes include (i) a zero import tar- Sep 1, 2024 · “Constrained (Optimal) Trade Policy” refers to allocation arising from a Home planner acting unilaterally with (without) a trade-policy constraint from a FTA. When all output is exported, optimal policy with a single home firm depends on the difference between foreign firms' actual responses to the home firm's actions Feb 18, 2022 · 近日，2021“国际贸易争端与全球化重构学术研讨会”在线上顺利召开。南开大学经济学院跨国公司研究中心和国际经济研究所助理教授金威出席贸易制裁措施专题分论坛六并分享题为《比较优势与带有策略互动的最优贸易政策》Comparative Advantage and Optimal Trade Policy with Strategic Interactions的文章。 We provide a general formula for optimal unilateral policies in multi-sector, general-equilibrium Ricardian models with various widely adopted labor market specifications. Section5discusses the welfare im-plications of different trade policies. North-Holland OPTIMAL TRADE POLICY UNDER OLIGOPOLY* A Calibrated Model of the Europe-Japan Rivalry in the EEC Car Market Didier LAUSSEL CEFI and Universite if Aix-Marseille II, 13290 Les Milles, France Christian MONTET CEFI and Universite de Montpellier III, 34032 MontpeWer, France Anne PEGUIN-FEISSOLLE CEFI and CNRS, 13290 Les Milles, France I II. Trade policy is most often directed at very speciﬁc sectors In these cases, it is reasonable to model the eﬀects of trade in partial equilibrium: We assume that the trade policy will have minimal repercussions on Jan 1, 2013 · Optimal trade policy 4. a high tariffs; free trade b free trade; high tariffs c low tariffs; high tariffs d high tariffs; low tariffs, OUTPUT PER HOUR OF WORK Japan Australia Computers 12 2 TVs 6 4 Suppose that Japan and AB - We analyze the welfare effects of trade and industrial policy under oligopoly, and characterize optimal intervention under a variety of assumptions about market structure and conduct. In our numerical examples, we ﬁnd gains from trade under optimal trade taxes that are 24% larger than those obtained under laissez-faire for the agricultural case and 32% larger for the man-ufacturing case. Jan 1, 2025 · Without diffusion, Home’s optimal policy would consist of imposing an import tariff to manipulate its terms of trade in its favor. In this case, the country’s size and comparative advantage play important roles in determining optimal trade policy. Optimal trade policy de-pends on the magnitudes of these effects. Finally, if the number of di erentiated varieties is ine ciently low, the optimal non-cooperative trade policy is given by a positive import tari (export subsidy). "Micro to Macro: Optimal Trade Policy With Firm Heterogeneity. Maximize the sum of utility: Optimal Policy - If marginal utilities are decreasing with income, an optimal tariff is one that taxes the rich and redistributes to the poor. edu October 21, 2018 Abstract In this paper, we explore the relationship between optimal trade and redistributive poli- ﬁcacy of trade policy at tackling environmental emission (e. ” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 130, no. S. These analyses all rely on monopolistically competitive models and Optimal Trade and Industrial Policy Under Oligopoly ABSTRACT In this paper we provide an integrative treatment of the welfare effects of trade and industrial policy under oligopoly, and characterize qualitatively the form that optimal intervention takes undera variety of assumptions about the number of firms, their conjectures about the response ing optimal trade policy and show that our main insights are robust. Trade affects technology by determining the distribution from which producers draw their insights. Export tax can be set to zero according to Lerner symmetry. Begin your journey today! optimal trade policy for a large country is an import tariff. Our theory shows that optimal policies capture a dynamic motive for a country to alter global technology. (forthcoming) study optimal tariffs in quantitative models with roundabout production and imperfect competition, while unilateral optimal trade policy, given the trade taxes set by the other country, addressing the best response problem. Given ToT elasticities, level of protection not a ected by heterogeneity Though heterogeneity a ects optimal pattern of protection at the micro-level Optimal Policy in New Trade Models May 30th, 2017 4 / 51 ing optimal trade policy and show that our main insights are robust. This paper ﬁlls the gap. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 130 (2), 659-702, 2015. Much of the trade theory is devoted to analyzing the consequences of trade policy for individuals who derive their incomes from different factors of production or sectors. When all output is exported, optimal policy with a single home firm depends on the difference between foreign firms' actual responses to the home firm's COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE AND OPTIMAL TRADE POLICY Arnaud Costinot Dave Donaldson Jonathan Vogel Iva´n Werning The theory of comparative advantage is at the core of neoclassical trade theory. We show that in 2018-2019 the Trump administration prioritized tariffs on goods from China that belong to industries with a higher related-party share, and that imports from China declined more for goods . 00 GBP £33. The paper features the assembly-relocation e⁄ect and the production-chain e⁄ect to explain incentives behind the Nash trade policy In this paper, we characterize optimal trade policy in a generalized version of the trade model with monopolistic competition and firm-level heterogeneity developed by Melitz (2003). When λ = β, d W / d log τ x τ x = 0 = 0. Our theory shows that optimal policies capture dynamic motives for a country to alter global technology. National Bureau of Economic Research. Our focus is on policy by a single country, maintaining the small open economy assumption. Beginning at free trade, an export policy can improve a country’s welfare if λ ≠ β, and free trade is the optimal trade policy if λ = β. 164: 2015: II. 2020. The process of innovation and diffusion is one Optimal trade policy with international technology diffusion. Perhaps surprisingly, rationale for trade policy is to shift proﬁts from foreign to domestic ﬁrms To investigate that idea formally, consider the following game: 1 2. Quantifying the model for the U. , 2017], and it becomes one of the most popular RL methods due to its state-of-the-art perfor-mance as well as its sample efﬁciency and easy implementa-tion. Interestingly, a unilaterally optimal trade policy of a %PDF-1. 98. Interestingly, a signiﬁcant fraction of these gains arises from the Should Trade Arrangements Regulate Capital Controls? Paper: Element of exibility mechanism in trade agreements Commitment (cooperation) vs. We show that optimal policies capture a dynamic motive for a country to alter global Jan 1, 2016 · To the best of my knowledge, there are only five papers other than Ossa (2014) which have seriously attempted to quantify trade policy equilibria featuring optimizing governments. Thus, the Philippines plays an active role in developing trade policy within the WTO and ASEAN. Oct 3, 2012 · offers the retailerunconditional trade credit, the lengthof trade credit offeredwillhave an upper bound, (iii) A well-designed conditional trade credit policy can realize awin-win outcome but also enables the supplier to occupy all the savings in the channel's cost incurred by trade credit, but any unconditional trade credit policy does not. The “Decentralized” and Constrained Trade Policy allocations include a constant tariff τ ¯ to ensure that long-run allocations replicate the unconstrained case. It is suboptimal to create distortions, it is best to maximize the "size of the pie". 130(2), pages 659-702. 14. OPTIMAL TRADE POLICY AND THE ROLE OF CONJECTURAL VARIATIONS: THE CASE OF DUOPOLY In this and subsequent sections we characterize optimal gov- ernment policy in the presence of oligopolistic competition among domestic and foreign firms in international markets. Jan 1, 2022 · This chapter reviews a recent body of theoretical and empirical work that studies the normative and positive aspects of trade policy. To optimize policies, it alternates between sampling data Inequality, Redistribution and Optimal Trade Policy: A Public Finance Approach∗ Roozbeh Hosseini University of Georgia Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta roozbeh@uga. Therefore, as opposed to the mentioned papers, the supranational Max GDP (efficiency): Optimal Policy - No tariffs. 54 (Week 14) Trade Policy (III) Fall 2016 8 / 23 little impact about how economists think about trade policy. , Suppose that Japan and Australia are only two countries in the world. Jul 25, 2024 · We propose a deep learning framework, DL-opt, designed to efficiently solve for optimal policies in quantifiable general equilibrium trade models. First, trade policy could fluctuate over time, which creates the possibility for tariffs to affect saving and investment decisions in expectation of future changes in trade policy. 95% of GDP. Abstract: We study optimal dynamic trade policies in an Eaton-Kortum model with technology diffusion through trade. The Home country’s government has three instruments at its disposal: import and export taxes – potentially different across different goods – and capital controls Jul 1, 2011 · We model the optimal trade policy in a 2-country Nash tariff game with inside money. 659-702 Abstract: We study optimal dynamic trade policies in an Eaton–Kortum model with technology diffusion through trade. 2 (February 3, 2015): 659–702. 69%. Hamilton and Whalley (1983) were the first to attempt a serious calibration of optimal trade policy. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like according to mercantilism, the optimal trade policy is ____. (2016)). Can protectionism ever be “optimal”? Can we explain how trade policies vary across countries, industries, and time? How should trade agreements be designed? Can we explain the main institutional features of actual trade agreements (e. Optimal trade taxes should be uniform across imported goods and weakly monotone with respect to comparative advantage across exported goods. trade policy around the time of the Smoot-Hawley tariff of 1930, a period when policy was unconstrained by trade agreements. Forinstance, Costinot, Rodríguez-Clare, and Werning (2020) and Demidova and Rodríguez-Clare (2009) study optimal unilateral trade Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like According to Mercantilism, the optimal trade policy is _____. Jul 1, 2021 · A more recent literature explores how optimal trade policy is impacted by the presence of heterogeneous firms that self-select into exporting as in Melitz (2003) (see Bagwell, Lee, 2020, Demidova, Rodríguez-Clare, 2013, Felbermayr, Jung, Larch, 2013, Haaland, Venables, 2016). “Dispute Settlement with Second-Order Uncertainty" (2021) (with Jee-Hyeong Park) International Economic Review. We examine the effects of inside money on the tariff retaliation of both countries. Our goal in this article is to explore the relationship between comparative advan-tage and optimal trade policy. ﬁcacy of trade policy at tackling environmental pollution (e. (2024). Journal of Monetary Economics 109, 65-82, 2020. WTO, NAFTA, EU)? Trade imbalances are a salient feature of international trade, yet we know little about their implications for optimal trade policy. Consistent Conjectures. Trade policy has been the Philippines' major tool for achieving industrialization and economic Submit & Leave (SL) policy (as baseline), the Q-learning algorithm, and the latest hybrid method that combines the Almgren-Chriss model and reinforcement learning. This article is also available for rental through We analyze the welfare effects of trade and industrial policy under oligopoly, and characterize optimal intervention under a variety of assumptions about market structure and conduct. 581(Week 12) Trade Policy Theory (I) Fall 20172 / 28 In this paper we provide an integrative treatment of the welfare effects of trade and industrial policy under oligopoly, and characterize qualitatively the form that optimal intervention takes under a variety of assumptions about the number of firms, their conjectures about the response of their rivals to their actions, the substitutability of Costinot, Arnaud, Dave Donaldson, Jonathan Vogel, and Iván Werning. To put this number in perspective, the average gains from optimal trade policy that we estimate in the same environment are equal to 0. , normalizing factor rewards), putting the emphasis on purely partial equilibrium analysis, and paying no attention to interactions among markets in the Sep 1, 2021 · We consider a three-stage, non-cooperative game between two countries and two firms (duopoly) under a “reciprocal market model” to identify the optimal trade policy in the presence of tariffs and subsidies, but also allowing each country to commit to free trade. economy shows that welfare gains from optimal policy are largely due to static terms-of-trade effects, implying that gains from time-varying tariffs or Jan 1, 2017 · trade liberalization by meeting the conditions and guiding principles set by the WTO for the formation of regional trading arrangements. firms. Feb 15, 2007 · If both firms are equally efficient, optimal trade and industrial policies drive out the foreign firm and the privatization policy loses its effect on national welfare; however, if the home firm is less efficient, then full privatization combined with an import tariff and a production subsidy is optimal for the home country, while an export inopeneconomieswithheterogeneousfirms. Jan 1, 2020 · Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Optimal trade policy with trade imbalances" by Mostafa Beshkar et al. What are the trade policy instruments, e. M Beshkar, A Shourideh. Each firm produces a single pro- learning implementation to solve for optimal policies in general equilibrium models. Feb 3, 2015 · Comparative Advantage and Optimal Trade Policy * - 24 Hours access EUR €39. (2023) andAntr`as et al. Costinot, Arnaud, Rodríguez-Clare, Andrés and Werning, Iván. This framework is widely applicable for evaluating optimal policies and policy competition in quantitative trade and spatial models. A Costinot, D Donaldson, J Vogel, I Werning. For example, does a government have more incentives to restrict imports when the country runs a larger trade deficit? Are optimal import tariffs counter-cyclical? COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE AND OPTIMAL TRADE POLICY Arnaud Costinot Dave Donaldson Jonathan Vogel Iva´n Werning The theory of comparative advantage is at the core of neoclassical trade theory. 1 Recent research in the international trade field has led to an explosion of new empirical methods that can be used to study the aggregate and distributional consequences of many types of changes to the economic environment (e. Employing simple CES specifications on the demand and the supply This paper examines the political economy of U. New ideas are combined with insights from others. 1 If domestic firm d do not have foreign local firm 1â€™s corporate control rights We now proceed to discuss the optimal trade policy of domestic country. According to Ricardo's trade theory, the optimal trade policy is _____. 1 Examples of optimal trade taxes include (i) a zero import tar- Jan 1, 2022 · Trade policy analysis has been a central focus of research since at least the pioneering optimal tariff analysis in Bickerdike (1907). The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2015, vol. According to Ricardos trade theory, the optimal trade policy is _____. North-Holland OPTIMAL TRADE POLICY UNDER OLIGOPOLY* A Calibrated Model of the Europe-Japan Rivalry in the EEC Car Market Didier LAUSSEL CEFI and Universite if Aix-Marseille II, 13290 Les Milles, France Christian MONTET CEFI and Universite de Montpellier III, 34032 MontpeWer, France Anne PEGUIN-FEISSOLLE CEFI and CNRS, 13290 Les Milles, France I Oct 3, 2012 · offers the retailerunconditional trade credit, the lengthof trade credit offeredwillhave an upper bound, (iii) A well-designed conditional trade credit policy can realize awin-win outcome but also enables the supplier to occupy all the savings in the channel's cost incurred by trade credit, but any unconditional trade credit policy does not. We start by pres… Jan 1, 2009 · The aim of this paper is to study optimal trade policy in a version of the Krugman (1980) model of intra-industry trade due to monopolistic competition and increasing returns. In this section we extend our analysis by introducing more than two. Caliendo et al. Traditional theories of optimal trade and environmental policy are limited to stylized models that preclude quantitatively important con-siderations. In principle, a political-economy model of trade policy must have four elements. We study dynamic optimal trade policies in a multi-country model with technology diffusion through trade. These policies take into account selection effects, country endowments, and other alterations to trade patterns that affect the degree and quality of diffusion. Sufficient conditions are obtained for a strong form of the optimal tariff (which requires that all imports be more • GT under optimal trade taxes are 20% and 33% larger than under no taxes • GT under under optimal uniform tariff are only 9% larger than under no taxes • Micro-level heterogeneity matters for design and gains from optimal trade policy Nov 1, 1976 · This chapter discusses the political economy of trade policy. Each firm that, for a given set of trade elasticities, the structure of optimal industrial policy is re-markably similar to that in our baseline environment, with a correlation between the op-timal industrial policy estimated in the two environments equal to 0. Yet we know little about its implications for how nations should conduct their trade policy. Feb 1, 1986 · Optimal Trade Policy: The Case of Multi—Firm Oligopoly and. Optimal trade policy with trade imbalances. Free trade is op- Comparative Advantage and Optimal Trade Policy. For example, should import sectors with weaker comparative Optimal Trade Policy with International Technology Diffusion. Ossa(2014), based onJudd and Su(2012) in terms of efficiency. We consider a model of politically-optimal trade policy for a large country that can influence its terms of trade and where workers and firms lobby for protection. Jan 1, 2025 · We study optimal dynamic trade policies in an Eaton–Kortum model with technology diffusion through trade. Chicago: Bai, Yan. Forinstance, Costinot, Rodríguez-Clare, and Werning (2020) and Demidova and Rodríguez-Clare (2009) study optimal unilateral trade AB - We analyze the welfare effects of trade and industrial policy under oligopoly, and characterize optimal intervention under a variety of assumptions about market structure and conduct. Existing quantitative studies examine simplified variants of these proposals that are not optimal, sidestepping the computational challenges associated with optimal policy analysis. In the course so far, we have modeled trade in general equilibrium: Trade aﬀects all sectors in the economy. " Econometrica, 88 (6). No 32097, NBER Working Papers from National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. 1 In doing so, we focus on a specific deviation from CES known as ‘Marshall's Second Law of Demand’ (MSLD), according to which demand becomes more inelastic with Optimal Trade Policy with International Technology Diffusion Yan Bai * Keyu Jin † Dan Lu ‡ Hanxi Wang § Abstract We study optimal dynamic trade policies in an Eaton-Kortum model with technology dif-fusion through trade. 代表性成果 "The GATT/WTO Welfare Effects: 1950-2015", with Pao-Li Chang "Comparative Advantage and Optimal Trade Policy with Strategic Interactions", with Wen-Tai Hsu inefﬁciently high equilibrium unemployment, the optimal trade policy is an import tariff in a capital-abundant country and an export subsidy in a labor-abundant country. In terms of the Jun 1, 2024 · Strategic trade policy (henceforth STP) is a stream of economic research that by its nature relies on the strategic interaction among economic actors. Our main result can be stated as follows. The amount of inside money issued depends on the 2-country s utility preferences. 130, issue 2, pp. Despite their rich structure, existing analyses have mostly quantiﬁed the efﬁcacy of easy-to-implement but sub-optimal trade policy initiatives. We show that in 2018-2019 the Trump administration prioritized tariffs on goods from China that belong to industries with a higher related-party share, and that imports from China declined more for goods Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like According to Mercantilism, the optimal trade policy is, According to Ricardo's trade theory, the optimal trade policy is, according to the table, _______ has a comparative advantage in the production of computers, and _________ has a comparative advantage in production of TVs. We also discuss how optimal trade policy is shaped by the presence of multiple sectors, intermediate goods, and supply-chain linkages. Optimal Trade Policy with International Technology Diffusion. import tari s, quotas, product standards? Are trade policy instruments the only instruments available? 3 Constraints on the set of feasible contracts: Do trade agreements need to be self-enforcing? How costly is it "to complete" contracts? 14. 1 A second feature of trade policy in dynamic settings is the emergence of an alters the mapping from tariffs to prices, and therefore optimal trade policy for both final goods and inputs. Arnaud Costinot & Dave Donaldson & Jonathan Vogel & Iván Werning, 2015. and more. APA: Bai, Y. However, optimal trade policy and equilibrium trade imbalances move together when a country grows consistently faster or slower than the rest of the world. For analytical convenience we •The best Trade Strategy is a robust Industrialization Policy. g. Since the welfare function is strictly concave in τ x, it follows that τ x = 0 is a global maximum COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE AND OPTIMAL TRADE POLICY Arnaud Costinot Dave Donaldson Jonathan Vogel Iva´n Werning The theory of comparative advantage is at the core of neoclassical trade theory. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2024. The process of innovation and diffusion is one in which new ideas are combined with insights from others. For example, our main prediction—that optimal trade taxes are uniform across imported goods and weakly monotone with respect to comparative advantage across goods—holds without further qualiﬁcation in a Ricardian model with uniform iceberg trade costs. DL-opt integrates (i) a nested fixed point (NFXP) formulation of the optimization problem, (ii) automatic implicit differentiation to enhance gradient descent for solving unilateral optimal policies, and (iii) a best-response dynamics approach for This paper examines the political economy of U. At the micro-level, we find that optimal import taxes discriminate against the most profitable foreign exporters, while optimal export taxes are uniform across optimal trade policy in two sectors: agriculture and manufacturing. Feb 23, 2022 · This study considers a differentiated duopoly, including domestic and foreign enterprises, in trade, analyzes the impacts of product differentiation and productivity variance on equilibrium results, and explores the optimal trade policy in different competition modes. edu October 21, 2018 Abstract In this paper, we explore the relationship between optimal trade and redistributive poli- Multinational enterprises dominate international trade, yet much of the literature on optimal trade policy has overlooked their significance. 00 Rental. : National Bureau of Economic Research learning implementation to solve for optimal policies in general equilibrium models. Perhaps surprisingly, May 1, 2023 · The present paper aims to undertake an optimal policy analysis, so a supranational macroprudential policy targeting union-wide aggregate variables, as modeled in many studies, such as Rubio (2014) or Dehmej and Gambacorta (2019), seems inappropriate for the foreign country. When all output is exported, optimal policy with a single home firm depends on the difference between foreign firms' actual responses to the home firm's actions Feb 18, 2022 · 近日，2021“国际贸易争端与全球化重构学术研讨会”在线上顺利召开。南开大学经济学院跨国公司研究中心和国际经济研究所助理教授金威出席贸易制裁措施专题分论坛六并分享题为《比较优势与带有策略互动的最优贸易政策》Comparative Advantage and Optimal Trade Policy with Strategic Interactions的文章。 We analyze the welfare effects of trade and industrial policy under oligopoly, and characterize optimal intervention under a variety of assumptions about market structure and conduct. W e. cmu. Perhaps surprisingly, Micro to Macro: Optimal Trade Policy with Firm Heterogeneity (with Arnaud Costinot and Andrés Rodriguez-Clare) Incomplete Markets and Aggregate Demand Efficiency and Information Transmission in Bilateral Trading (with Robert Shimer) The Taxation of Superstars (with Florian Scheuer) Nov 1, 2024 · While Das (1997) argues that managerial delegation in firms reduces the scale of strategic trade policy, Miller and Pazgal (2005) demonstrate that the optimal trade policy is insensitive to the mode of product market competition under relative-performance based managerial delegation contracts in firms. , Terms of trade, The Ricardo model and the Hecksher-Ohlin Model make different assumptions about the technology available in each country. 1 Most applications of oligopoly to international trade do not consider factor markets (e. We close the chapter by discussing the scope of future research. When all output is exported, optimal policy with a single home firm depends on the difference between foreign firms' actual responses to the home firm's Join Optimal Traders, a leading prop trading firm. With diffusion, Home has an extra motive to manipulate trade to affect technological diffusion both domestically and abroad. We study optimal dynamic trade policies in an Eaton–Kortum model with technology diffusion through trade. Sep 1, 2019 · The aim of the present paper is to show how all this ceases to hold once the CES assumption is removed, leading to new implications in terms of multilateral trade policy aimed at maximizing the joint welfare of all trade partners. I argue, in contrast, that democracy has contradictory effects on different types of might care about the impact of its trade policy choice on the locations of the –rm™s global production activities in order to better exploit its market power over world prices with trade policy intervention. •PH’ biggest incentive, is our growing domestic market (size & income)— whose requirements are largely being met by imports. ing optimal trade policy and show that our main insights are robust. Comparative advantage and optimal trade policy. “Comparative Advantage and Optimal Trade Policy. This approach Optimal Obfuscation: Democracy and Trade Policy Transparency DANIEL Y. 2 A PPO Formulation to Optimal Trade Execution The PPO algorithm is a policy gradient algorithm proposed by OpenAI [Schulman et al. Access funded accounts, advanced tools, and a supportive trading community. For example, optimal trade policies in recent general equilibrium trade models are theoretically Nov 1, 2024 · Section 3 analyzes optimal trade policy in a network goods oligopoly with no managerial delegation, taking price and quantity competition into account separately. "Optimal Trade Policy with Trade Imbalances. Jan 1, 2009 · The aim of this paper is to study optimal trade policy in a version of the Krugman (1980) model of intra-industry trade due to monopolistic competition and increasing returns. It is Sep 1, 1988 · European Economic Review 32 (1988) 1547-1565. Trade affects technology by determining the distribution from which potential producers draw their insights. otxhu dpm ozcouf uneas mrgp fojhb kglxc nnbye pqsyh hsfnfd